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Internalized sexism
Internalized sexism is one of the three theorized subsets of sexism other than institutionalized discrimination and interpersonal sexism. Unlike its counterparts, which are sexism and social interactions, internalized sexism occurs more so on an individual level. Internalized sexism is when an individual enacts sexist actions and attitudes towards themselves and people of their own gender.〔Bearman, Steve, Neill Korobov, and Avril Thorne. "The fabric of internalized sexism." Journal of Integrated Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (2009): 10-47.〕 On a larger scale, internalized sexism falls under the broad topic of internalized oppression, which describes when individuals think lesser of themselves as a result of the oppression they feel. Internalized homophobia and internalized racism are also categories of internalized oppression.〔Leong, F. T. L. Encyclopedia of Counseling. London: SAGE Publications LTD., 2008.〕
==Effects==
Internalized sexism has the potential to lead to serious issues, including body issues, lack of self-confidence, competition, and a sense of powerlessness.〔 It is a major setback in resolving issues of sexism as a whole.〔Paludi, M. A. The Psychology of Teen Violence and Victimization, Volume 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2011.〕 Ties to psychological distress such as anxious, depressive or somatic symptoms, have been identified as results of internalized sexism.〔Szymanski, Gupta, and Carr. 2009. "Internalized Misogyny as a Moderator of the Link between Sexist Events and Women’s Psychological Distress." Sex Roles 16, no. 1-2: 101-109.〕 Possible effects can be depression and suicidual impulses〔Szymanski, Dawn M., and Ayse S. Ikizler. 2013. "Internalized heterosexism as a mediator in the relationship between gender role conflict, heterosexist discrimination, and depression among sexual minority men." ''Psychology of Men and Masculinity'' 14, no. 2: 211-219. 〕
Additionally, studies have found connections between as sexual objectification as a result of internalized sexism and body shame, sexual objectification, and disordered eating.〔Moradi, Dirks, and Matteson. 2005. “Roles of Sexual Objectification Experiences and Internalization of Standards of Beauty in Eating Disorder Symptomatology: A Test and Extension of Objectification Theory.” Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3): 420-428.〕 Internalized sexism also plays a role in lowered academic goals〔Montanes, de Lemus, Bohner, Megias, Moya, and Garcia-Retamero. 2012. “Intergenerational Transmission of Benevolent Sexism from Mothers to Daughter and its Relation to Daughter’ Academic Performance and Goals.” Sex Roles 66 (7-8): 468-478.〕 and diminished job performance.〔 On a larger scale, the presence of internalized sexism in the world is believed to alienate those affected from each other and thus further promotes continued sexism as a whole.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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